This post is dedicated to one fascinating topic: quantum spin liquids. In recent decades science has shown us that there are more than the three states of matters we all know: liquid, solid and gas.
In the microscopic world, so tiny that we can see the different particles inside matter, the electrons, neutrons and protons behave like particles and waves at the same time. At this level, an intrinsic property of matter, the spin, becomes very important and it is key to study quantum magnetism. When the spins (small magnetic dipoles) align in one specific direction, the system is ordered as a ferromagnetic spin state. On the contrary, if the spins are disordered, then it is called a quantum spin liquid, and as this state is preserved at very low temperatures, fascinating physics appears. For a very well structure summary about quantum spin liquids please go HERE, and if you want to get the insight on the topic you can read more HERE. For the first time a quantum spin liquid has been empirically demonstrated in a mono-crystal of the compound calcium-chromium oxide, by a team at the Helmholty-Zentrum Berlin (for more information please click on the image below). If you want to know more about the first time quantum spin liquid was detected in a 2D material click HERE and HERE.
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The fact that quantum mechanics' effects remain over large distances is a proof, once more, than nature is quantum, as Richard Feynmann said in his famous lecture in the 80s the past century.
How do neutrinos maintain a quantum state (with no individual identities) for long distances? A group of researchers in the United States tests whether a system with two or more distinct states acts in a quantum or classical way. Measuring the oscillations of neutrinos, by using a modification of the reworking of the Leggett-Garg inequality, the results show that quantum features such as superposition prevail over large distances. Discover more by clicking on the picture below! Hi science freaks! As there has been a small break without posts I have decided to combine some news into a one Quantum Medley.
- The first article explains entanglement in a very simple way. Hopefully it can help to shed some light in your understanding in one of the most elegant quantum phenomenon. To learn more click HERE. - A new concept goes far beyond the quantum world, into the super-quantum, making things even more complicated, at the same time opening a door for the future of quantum computation... discover about it HERE. - And last but not least, a group of researchers in Innsbruck has created a quantum computer with calcium ions to simulate fundamental particle interactions for the first time. Click on the picture below to know how! The way that tumor grows and spread is called angiogenesis. For years researchers have focussed on studying the process and developing drugs targeting this mechanism.
Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels. It is also a fundamental step in the transition of tumors from a benign state to a malignant one, leading to the use of angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of cancer [source: Wikipedia]. Another way that tumors could use to spread is called vasculogenic mimicry. Until now there was some kind of skepticism about it, but it seems that it is an actual problem and some treatments are starting to focus on it. The term vasculogenic mimicry describes the formation of fluid-conducting channels by highly invasive and genetically dysregulated tumor cells [source: APMIS. 2004 Jul-Aug;112(7-8):508-25]. If this process helps metastasis (the migration of tumor cells to new parts of the body), blocking it could save millions of lives every year. I invite you to learn more about this fantastic topic that sadly is so close to all of us. Please click on the image below to know more. One book that hooked me was "What is life?" from E. Schrödinger. The meaning of life and biology from the eyes of the famous physicist gave a lot to think about. There are several concepts in science that are applied to different branches: physics, chemistry, biology, ecology, geology.. But, are there differences? Aren't we using the same approaches over and over again? When I heard about Quantum Darwinism for the first time, I thought the idea was awesome, because then evolution can be a subject applied in the quantum world! It is fascinating that the same thoughts can be indeed implemented on a wide range of fields. Do these differences actually exist, or is science one and unique with a list of theories that are implemented everywhere? Letting this question open, today I would like to share with you a fabulous perspective, on how natural selections arises in the world of quantum simulation. Click on the figure to know more!
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